Knowledge Center
Technical library on fluoride in drinking water, removal technologies, validation protocols and the regulatory framework.
Fluoride
Overview of viable routes: coagulation-flocculation-filtration, adsorption on activated alumina or metal oxides, membranes and electrochemical processes. Selection criteria by concentration, flow and matrix.
Technical paper in preparation
Fluoride
Dissolution of fluoride minerals in the aquifer, stability of concentration over time and consequences for treatment design.
Technical paper in preparation
Technologies
Comparison of efficiency, consumption, waste generation, operating complexity and cost per m³ across the main industrial alternatives.
Technical paper in preparation
Jar Test
Experimental matrix design, rapid and slow mixing, pH control, settling times, laboratory filtration and residual fluoride reading.
Technical paper in preparation
Regulation
International reference limits and how they translate into analytical control and reporting obligations for the operator.
Technical paper in preparation
Comparisons
When membrane rejection or reversible electrodialysis fall short of the fluoride target, and how complementary treatment enables compliance without replacing the infrastructure.
Technical paper in preparation
Comparisons
Impact on the budget cycle, on performance risk allocation and on the total cost of compliant water delivered.
Technical paper in preparation
International cases
Lessons from technology validation in Spain, Brazil and Argentina on groundwater and surface water.
Technical paper in preparation