How It Works
How It Works
The treatment train follows a classic physical-chemical sequence, specifically optimised for fluoride removal.
Abstraction
Raw water with naturally occurring fluoride (well, reservoir or river).
Coagulation
Optimised dosing and pH control to fix the fluoride.
Flocculation
Controlled floc growth under defined hydraulic conditions.
Filtration
Floc separation. Existing or included within the OPEX model.
Compliant water
Fluoride below the regulatory limit, with analytical monitoring.
Existing filtration
If the plant already has filtration — sand, multimedia, pressure filters or open gravity filters — that infrastructure is used. We verify its hydraulic capacity and backwash cycle, and integrate the physical-chemical stage upstream.
Included filtration
If there is no filtration, PayPerLiter® includes it within the OPEX model. The equipment is installed, operated and maintained as part of the service, with no capital investment from the client.
Jar Test
Prior validation through Jar Test
Before any implementation, the process is verified in the laboratory with the client's real water. The Jar Test determines the optimum dose, working pH, mixing times and achievable fluoride removal, and estimates sludge production.